Supported Models

Reference of all models in the emissions.dev LLM database with their energy tier and reasoning configuration.

<div class="admonition admonition-warning"><span class="admonition-icon">⚠️</span><div class="admonition-content"><p>Beta Model coverage is updated regularly. If your model isn't listed, the API estimates its tier from the model name. Pass any model string — unknown models return a <code>unknown_model</code> notice with the estimated tier.</p> </div></div>

OpenAI

GPT-5.x

Model Tier Reasoning
gpt-5.2 frontier
gpt-5.2-pro frontier 5× thinking ratio
gpt-5.2-codex frontier
gpt-5.1 frontier
gpt-5.1-codex frontier
gpt-5 frontier
gpt-5-pro frontier 5× thinking ratio
gpt-5-mini medium
gpt-5-nano small

GPT-4.x

Model Tier Reasoning
gpt-4.5 frontier
gpt-4.1 large
gpt-4.1-mini medium
gpt-4o large
gpt-4o-mini medium
gpt-4-turbo large
gpt-4 large
gpt-3.5-turbo medium

Reasoning (o-series)

Model Tier Thinking Ratio
o3 frontier
o3-mini large
o3-deep-research frontier 15×
o4-mini large 3.5×
o4-mini-deep-research large 10×
o1 frontier
o1-mini large
o1-pro frontier

Open Source

Model Tier Reasoning
gpt-oss-120b frontier
gpt-oss-20b medium

Anthropic

Claude 4.5

Model Tier Reasoning
claude-opus-4.5 frontier
claude-sonnet-4.5 frontier
claude-haiku-4.5 medium

Claude 4.x

Model Tier Reasoning
claude-opus-4.1 frontier
claude-opus-4 frontier
claude-sonnet-4 large

Claude 3.x

Model Tier Reasoning
claude-3-opus frontier
claude-3.7-sonnet large
claude-3.5-sonnet large
claude-3-sonnet large
claude-3.5-haiku medium
claude-3-haiku small

Google

Gemini 3

Model Tier Thinking Ratio
gemini-3-pro frontier
gemini-3-flash large
gemini-3-deep-think frontier

Gemini 2.5

Model Tier Thinking Ratio
gemini-2.5-pro frontier
gemini-2.5-pro-deep-think frontier
gemini-2.5-flash large
gemini-2.5-flash-lite medium

Gemini 2.0 / 1.5

Model Tier Reasoning
gemini-2.0-pro large
gemini-2.0-flash medium
gemini-1.5-pro large
gemini-1.5-flash medium
gemini-ultra frontier
gemini-pro large
gemini-nano small

Meta

Llama 4

Model Tier Reasoning
llama-4-behemoth frontier
llama-4-maverick large
llama-4-scout medium

Llama 3.x

Model Tier Reasoning
llama-3.3-70b large
llama-3.2-90b large
llama-3.2-11b medium
llama-3.2-3b small
llama-3.1-405b frontier
llama-3.1-70b large
llama-3.1-8b small
llama-3-70b large
llama-3-8b small

Mistral

Model Tier Reasoning
mistral-large-2 large
mistral-large large
mistral-medium medium
mistral-small small
mixtral-8x22b large
mixtral-8x7b medium

DeepSeek

Model Tier Thinking Ratio
deepseek-v3 large
deepseek-v3.1 large
deepseek-r1 frontier
deepseek-r1-lite large

xAI

Model Tier Reasoning
grok-4 frontier
grok-4.1 frontier
grok-3 frontier
grok-2 large

Cohere

Model Tier Reasoning
command-r-plus large
command-r medium

Self-Hosted

Generic tiers for self-hosted deployments. Use these when your model isn't in the database:

Model Tier Reasoning
self-hosted-large large
self-hosted-medium medium
self-hosted-small small
<div class="admonition admonition-info"><span class="admonition-icon">ℹ️</span><div class="admonition-content"><p>Self-hosted models use a 1.5× efficiency multiplier to account for higher PUE and less optimised hardware compared to hyperscale providers. Pass <code>region</code> to use your actual grid intensity.</p> </div></div>

Unknown Models

Any model string not in this list is automatically classified using pattern matching:

Pattern Estimated Tier
Contains gpt-5, opus, ultra, behemoth, 405b, o3, grok-3, grok-4 frontier
Contains gpt-4, 70b, sonnet, pro, maverick, large, r1 large
Contains gpt-3.5, mini, scout, flash, medium medium
Contains nano, tiny, small, 7b, 8b, haiku, lite small
No match medium (default)

The response will include a unknown_model notice with the estimated tier. Check inference.is_known_model to detect this programmatically.


Energy Factors by Tier

Tier Base Energy (Wh/request) Input (Wh/1K tokens) Output (Wh/1K tokens) Embodied (gCO₂e/request)
frontier 0.50 0.050 0.250 0.30
large 0.25 0.020 0.100 0.15
medium 0.10 0.005 0.025 0.05
small 0.03 0.001 0.005 0.01